High-frequency single-board Doppler minisodar for precipitation measurements. Part I: Rainfall and hail

A high-frequency Doppler sodar for precipitation measurements has been developed. Such a Doppler sodar (6–20 kHz) can almost always measure precipitation and turbulence spectra simultaneously. Therefore, the mean vertical wind and spectral broadening effects can be directly removed. As the acoustic refractive indices for ice and liquid water are almost the same, the acoustic retrieval of precipitation can also be applied to rain with small hail (e.g., diameter D < 10 mm) or large hail, but for the latter, neglecting the effects of different orientations and shapes of hailstones. The authors’ single-board minisodar is based on the digital signal processing (DSP) technique. The first prototype has been continuously operated at a coastal weather station since 25 October 2002. For stratiform rain events, the minisodar showed good agreement with a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer and an optical rain gauge. However, for convective heavy showers, the minisodar always observed higher rain rates. The continuous, nonattended automatic operation of the minisodar has shown its capability for all kinds of precipitation measurements. The retrieval of precipitation rates for snow and graupel will be provided in a subsequent paper

Partisipasi Kelompok Perempuan Peduli Lingkungan dalam Penanganan Sampah di Sub DAS Cikapundung Jawa Barat

Pengelolaan sampah membutuhkan dukungan dari masyarakat. Isu tentang sampah juga di temukan di Sub DAS Cikapundung. Isu lingkungan di Cikapundung Sub DAS telah mengundang perempuan untuk berpartisipasi dalam bentuk gerakan kelompok. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik kelompok dan (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi upaya ibu rumah tangga dalam menjaga gerakan kelompok peduli lingkungan di Sub DAS Cikapundung. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Maret hingga April 2015 yang melibatkan 106 responden dari kelompok perempuan peduli lingkungan. Kelompok-kelompok yang terletak di tiga wilayah: Sunten Jaya Desa (hulu DAS), Lebak Siliwangi Desa (tengah DAS) dan Dayeuh Kolot Desa (hilir DAS). Wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan diskusi kelompok yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Korelasi Rank-Spearman digunakan untuk menguji tingkat korelasi antara variabel-variabel berikut: a) profil dan dinamika kelompok, b) dukungan keluarga, c) persepsi dan partisipasi kelompok wanita peduli lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemauan, dan kemampuan kelompok wanita untuk mengolah limbah adalah faktor yang meningkatkan partisipasi. Mayoritas wanita tidak memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk berpartisipasi dalam kelompok peduli lingkungan. Faktor yang signifikan dengan tingkat persepsi dan partisipasi wanita dalam kelompok peduli lingkungan adalah profil dan dinamika kelompok, dukungan keluarga, dukungan tokoh masyarakat dan program penyuluhan

Convergent finite difference schemes for stochastic transport equations

We present difference schemes for stochastic transport equations with low-regularity velocity fields. We establish $L^2$ stability and convergence of the difference approximations under conditions that are less strict than those required for deterministic transport equations. The $L^2$ estimate, crucial for the analysis, is obtained through a discrete duality argument and a comprehensive examination of a class of backward parabolic difference schemes

The Determinant Factors of Creative Economy Craftsmen Sustainability in South Sulawesi Province

Creative economy craftsmen have big contribution to regional income and able to sustain in crisis. It can be seen on the average of Gross Domestic Product has employed 5.4 million in average for 2002-2009 with participation level of 5.8%. Therefore, a strategic sustainability is needed especially for the determinant factors of sustainability related to creative economy craftsmen. This research aims to observe the determinant factors of sustainability of creative economy craftsmen in Wajo and Bulukumba Regencies in South Sulawesi Province. Sample for the research was 215 creative economy craftsmen. Data collection is conducted on January to April 2012 consists of primary and secondary data. Research method was using prospective analysis to determine important factors to the sustainability of creative economy craftsmen that predict future alternatives. Result from Rap-UEK simulation for the composite of five dimensions showed a less sustainable status of 48.97%. Research results showed that there are six dominant or main factors in determining business sustainability of creative economy craftsmen, one place sale, coordination with the government and private sectors, capital source, increase in the product of creative economy business, business field and product development Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.18-24 [How to cite this article: Ibrahim, H., Amanah, S., Asngari, P.S., and Purnaningsih, N. (2013). The Determinant Factors of Creative Economy Craftsmen Sustainability in South Sulawesi Province. International Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(2),18-24. Doi: 10.12777/ijse.5.2.18-24

Pbar Annihilation in Au+Au at AGS Energies

Antinucleon production in heavy ion collisions is potentially an excellent signal for unusual phenomena in hot and dense matter. However, at the low energies available at the AGS the annihilation process must be handled with care. In this Comment, we consider the case of Au + Au collisions at approximately 11 GeV/c, applying the ARC treatment of pbar production and annihilation to the analysis of experiment E878. It is apparent that classical screening introduced for Si + Au is crucial in the understanding of data obtained with the more massive projectile. Unfortunately, there seems no necessity for invoking unusual behaviour in the Au + Au system.Comment: 1 page in revtex, 1 postscript fil

A Trouble with Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz Gravity

We study the structure of the phase space in Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz theory. With the constraints derived from the action, the phase space is described by five fields, thus there is a lack of canonical structure. The Poisson brackets of the Hamiltonian density do not form a closed structure, resulting in many new constraints. Taking these new constraints into account, it appears that there is no degree of freedom left, or the phase space is reduced to one with an odd number of fields.Comment: 12 pages, some discussions, comments and references added, JHEP styl

Si nanostructures fabricated by anodic oxidation with an atomic force microscope and etching with an electron cyclotron resonance source

Nanometer‐scale Si structures have been fabricated by anodic oxidation with an atomic force microscope (AFM) and dry etching using an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source. The AFM is used to anodically oxidize a thin surface layer on a H‐passivated (100) Si surface. This oxide is used as a mask for etching in a Cl2 plasma generated by the ECR source. An etch selectivity ≳20 was obtained by adding 20% O2 to the Cl2 plasma. The AFM‐defined mask withstands a 70 nm deep etch, and linewidths∼10 nm have been obtained with a 30 nm etch depth. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70639/2/APPLAB-66-14-1729-1.pd